Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv, Ukraine

SAINT SOPHIA CATHEDRAL (Kyiv, Ukraine)

Begun in the early 11th century, Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv is one of the city's best known landmarks, built to rival that other Saint Sophia in Constantinople. The cathedral complex includes a bell tower and monastery buildings. Nearby is the 1051 Kiev Monastery of the Caves (Pechersk Lavka), which includes numerous churches as well as cave systems and fortified stone walls.

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(Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons; CTTO)

The Struve Geodetic Arc, Norway to the Ukraine

THE STRUVE GEODETIC ARC (Norway to the Ukraine - 10 countries)

From 1816 to 1855 German-born Russian scientist Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve triangulated the locations of 265 main station points along a single meridian of the earth from Norway to the Ukraine. Stretching through 10 countries for over 1,750 miles, this act of international scientific cooperation helped establish the exact size and shape of the earth. 

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(Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons; CTTO)